tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50818822171547099272024-03-12T20:15:17.928-07:00LA QUIMICA, ES UNA CIENCIA QUE ESTUDIA LA MATERIAjuan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.comBlogger23125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-79921223078071080932011-10-02T18:55:00.000-07:002011-10-02T18:55:39.309-07:00RADICALES ALQUILO<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Los radicales Alquílicos se forman por la pérdida de un hidrógeno de un alcano cualquiera. Su nombre se forma por lo general reemplazando la terminación ANO del alcano correspondiente por la terminación il ó ilo de alquilo</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Ejemplo: <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alcano<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Radicales alquilo – 1 HIDROGENO<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CH4 Metano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CH3 Metil <br />
CH3-CH3 Etano<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CH3-CH2 Etil <br />
CH3-CH2-CH3 Propano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CH3-CH2-CH2 Propil <br />
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 Butano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2 Butil <br />
CH3-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH3 Pentano <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CH3-CH2-CH2- CH2-CH2 Pentil</span></span></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-89707148637919604662011-10-02T18:16:00.000-07:002011-10-02T18:22:59.944-07:00ALCANOS CICLICOS<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Los cicloalcanos son Alcanos que tienen los extremos de la cadena unidos, formando un ciclo. Tienen dos hidrógenos menos que el alcano del que derivan</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Se nombran utilizando el prefijo ciclo seguido del nombre del alcano.<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: white;">Es frecuente representar las moléculas indicando sólo su esqueleto. Cada vértice representa un carbono unido a dos hidrógenos</span></span>. Su fórmula genérica es CnH2n.</span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EUdtJcDFLEs/TokAD3tQi1I/AAAAAAAAAE8/l_3xCBUIMP4/s1600/Dibujo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="164" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EUdtJcDFLEs/TokAD3tQi1I/AAAAAAAAAE8/l_3xCBUIMP4/s400/Dibujo.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">para alcanos alquenos :</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">ciclo de 4 carbonos: ciclo butano</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">ciclo de 6 carbonos: ciclo hexano</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">ciclos desde 10 carbonos: ciclo decano C10H22<br />
cicloundecano C11H24<br />
ciclododecano C12H26<br />
ciclotridecano C13H28<br />
ciclotetradecano C14H30<br />
ciclopentadecano C15H32<br />
ciclohexadecano C16H34<br />
cicloheptadecano C17H36<br />
ciclooctadecano C18H38<br />
ciclononadecano C19H40<br />
cicloeicosano C20H42</span></span></div><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE LA FORMULA SEMIDESARROLLADA:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Ciclo propano </span></span><b><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">3 carbonos y 6 hidrógenos</span></span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: 105.0pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">CH3CH3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; tab-stops: 105.0pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">Ciclo butano <span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">4carbonos y 8 hidrógenos</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><br />
<span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">CH3CH2CH3</span></span></span><br />
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<br />
<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;">Ciclo exano</span><span style="color: white;"> </span><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: white;">6 carbonos y 12 hidrógenos</span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;"><br />
<span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">Ciclo <span style="color: white;">pentano</span><span style="color: white;"> </span><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: white;">5 carbonos y 10 hidrógenos</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div></div><h3 style="margin: auto 0cm;"><span class="mw-headline"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: black;">CH3CH2CH2CHC3</span></span></span></span></span></h3>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-69636747685869056852011-09-28T20:55:00.001-07:002011-09-28T20:55:57.564-07:00ALQUINOS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v-JOA3N1rEM/ToPsONtmYpI/AAAAAAAAAE0/UGCNG9nlTx0/s1600/Dibujo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="191" width="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v-JOA3N1rEM/ToPsONtmYpI/AAAAAAAAAE0/UGCNG9nlTx0/s400/Dibujo.jpg" /></a></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-49552510449426232692011-09-28T20:54:00.001-07:002011-09-28T20:54:48.771-07:00ALQUENOS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LKpOEUXO7Ww/ToPr9tP8-NI/AAAAAAAAAEs/3qmUZCgEsv8/s1600/ALQUENOS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="192" width="400" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LKpOEUXO7Ww/ToPr9tP8-NI/AAAAAAAAAEs/3qmUZCgEsv8/s400/ALQUENOS.jpg" /></a></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-17614886558580446072011-09-28T20:53:00.000-07:002011-09-28T20:53:53.810-07:00ALCANOS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zB8K2uocufw/ToPrYfs__MI/AAAAAAAAAEk/94V7UNJHV_o/s1600/ALCANOS.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zB8K2uocufw/ToPrYfs__MI/AAAAAAAAAEk/94V7UNJHV_o/s400/ALCANOS.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-64242356493205166362011-09-25T18:46:00.000-07:002011-09-25T18:46:44.559-07:00CONCEPTOS Y FORMULAS DE ALCANOS, ALQUENOS Y ALQUINOS<span style="font-size: large;">CONCEPTO DE ALCANOS:</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Los <b>alcanos</b> son hidrocarburos, es decir que tienen sólo átomos de carbono e hidrogeno. La fórmula general para alcanos alifáticos (de cadena lineal) es CnH2n+2,</span><br />
Los alcanos se presentan en estado gaseoso, líquido o sólido según el tamaño de la cadena de carbonos. Hasta 4 carbonos son gases (metano, etano, propano y butano), a partir del pentano hasta el hexadecano (16 carbonos) son líquidos y los compuestos superiores a 16 carbonos se presentan como sólidos aceitosos (parafinas). Todos los alcanos son combustibles, al ser una forma reducida del carbono, y liberan grandes cantidades de energía durante la combustión.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">CONCEPTO DE ALQUENOS: </span><span style="font-size: small;">Los alquenos son hidrocarburos que tienen doble enlace carbono-carbono en su molécula, y por eso son denominados insaturados. La fórmula genérica es CnH2n. Se puede decir que un alqueno no es más que un alcano que ha perdido un hidrógeno produciendo como resultado un enlace doble entre dos carbonos.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: large;">CONCEPTO DE ALQUINOS: </span><span style="font-size: small;">Los alquinos son hidrocarburos alifáticos con al menos un triple enlace entre dos átomos de carbono. Se trata de compuestos metaestables debido a la alta energía del triple enlace carbono-carbono. Su fórmula general es CnH2n-2<br />
<br />
Los alquinos pueden ser hidrogenados par dar los cis-alquenos correspondientes con hidrógeno en presencia de un catalizador de paladio sobre sulfato de bario o sobre carbonato cálcico parcialmente envenenado con óxido de plomo. Si se utiliza paladio sobre carbón activo el producto obtenido suele ser el alcano correspondiente</span></span>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-11731037246834319302011-09-25T18:26:00.000-07:002011-09-25T18:26:43.340-07:00Geometría molecular<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">.La <b>geometría molecular</b> o <b>estructura molecular</b> se refiere a la disposición tri- dimencional de los atomos que constituyen una molecular . Determina muchas de las propiedades de las moléculas, como son la reactividad , polaridad, face<span style="color: blue;"> </span>, color, magnetismo , actividad biologica, etc. Actualmente, el principal modelo de geometría molecular es la teoria de repulcion de paredes de electrones de valencia (TRePEV), empleada internacionalmente por su gran predictibilidad.</span></div><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Las geometrías moleculares se determinan mejor a temperatura próximas al cero absolutoporque a temperaturas más altas las moléculas presentarán un movimiento rotacional considerable. En el estado sólido la geometría molecular puede ser medida por difraccion<a href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difracci%C3%B3n_de_rayos_X" title="Difracción de rayos X"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></a>de rayos x. Las geometrías se pueden calcular por procedimientos mecánico cuánticos <i>ab initio</i> o por métodos semiempíricos de modelamiento molecular. Las moléculas grandes a menudo existen en múltiples conformaciones estables que difieren en su geometría molecular y están separadas por barreras altas en la superficie de energia potencial .</span><br />
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">La posición de cada átomo se determina por la naturaleza de los enlaces quimicos con los que se conecta a sus átomos vecinos. La geometría molecular puede describirse por las posiciones de estos átomos en el espacio, mencionando la longitud de enlace de dos átomos unidos, angulos de enlace de tres átomos conectados y angulos de torcion de tres enlaces consecutivos.</span>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-25268386152498591142011-09-25T16:49:00.000-07:002011-09-25T17:05:58.947-07:00EL PETROLEO<span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">CONSEPTO DE PETROLEO</span></span><br />
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<div></div><span style="color: white;"><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES;">El petroleo es un liquido aceitoso, inflamable cuyo color varia de incoloro a negro y esta formado por una mezcla de cohidrocarburos, principalmaente de alcanos de cada recta. elnumero deatomos de estos hidrocarburos llega a pasar hasta los 70 ( cmbustibles pesados y asfaltos)</span><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES;">.</span></span><br />
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<div></div><span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="color: white;">Otras veces contiene pequeñas cantidades de compuestos orgánicos que poseen nitrógeno, oxigeno o azufre. También se han encontrado metales como el vanadio. La composición del petróleo varía de un lugar a otro, e inclusive de un pozo a otro. Algunos petróleos contienen ciclo alcanos, que en la industria petrolera se conocen con el nombre de naftenos. </span></span><br />
<span lang="ES" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial", "sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="color: white;">La palabra petróleo proviene del vocablo latino petroleum, el cual, a su vez, esta formado por dos términos, petra que significa piedra y óleum que traduce aceite; en resumen, petróleo significa aceite de piedra (aceite de roca).</span></span><br />
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<div></div>El petrole se puede clasificar en cuatro categorias:<br />
<ul><li>Parafinico</li>
<li>Naftenicos</li>
<li>asfaltico o Mixto</li>
<li>Aromatico</li>
</ul><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-size: large;">PROPIED ADES FISICAS Y QUIMICAS DEL PETROLEO</span></span><br />
<br />
<div></div><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">El petróleo está formado por hidrocarburos, que son compuestos de hidrógeno y carbono, en su mayoría parafinas, naftenos y aromáticos, que son los que caracterizan el petróleo. Junto con cantidades variables de derivados hidrocarbonados de azufre, oxígeno y nitrógeno. Cantidades variables de gas disuelto y pequeñas proporciones de componentes metálicos. También puede contener agua en suspensión o en emulsión y sales. Sus componentes útiles se obtienen por destilación en las refinerías de petróleo. Los componentes no deseados: azufre, oxígeno, nitrógeno, metales, agua, sales, etc.,... se eliminan mediante procesos físico-químicos. </span><br />
<div></div><div>El número de compuestos es muy grande. En un crudo determinado se han aislado hasta 277 compuestos de hidrocarburos.</div><div></div><div>La mayoría de hidrocarburos aislados se clasifican como:</div><div></div><div>Hidrocarburos parafínicas (33%): Son hidrocarburos saturados homólogos del metano (CH4). Su fórmula general es CnH2n+2</div><div></div><div>Ciclo parafinas-Naftenos (21%): Son hidrocarburos cíclicos saturados, derivados del ciclo pentano (C5H10) y del ciclo hexano (C6H12). Muchos de estos hidrocarburos contienen grupos metilo en contacto con cadenas parafínicas ramificadas. Su fórmula general es CnH2n</div><div></div><div>Hidrocarburos aromáticos (47%): Son hidrocarburos cíclicos insaturados constituidos por el benceno (C6H6) y sus homólogos. Su fórmula general es CnHn.</div></font><br />
<div></div><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-size: large;">DERIVADO</span></span><br />
<br />
<div></div><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Un <b>derivado del petróleo</b> es un producto procesado en refinerías usando como materia prima el petróleo. Según la composición del crudo y la demanda, las refinerías pueden producir distintos productos derivados del petróleo. La mayor parte del crudo es usado como materia prima para obtener energía, por ejemplo la gasolina. También producen sustancias químicas, que se puede utilizar en procesos químicos para producir plástico y/o otros materiales útiles. Debido a que el petróleo contiene un 2% de azufre, también se obtiene grandes cantidades de éste. Hidrogeno y Carbono en forma de coque de petróleo puede ser producido también como derivados del petróleo. El hidrogeno producido es normalmente usado como producto intermedio para otros procesos como el hidrocracking o la hidrodesulfuración</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ES" style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: ES;">ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS DERIVADOS DEL PETROLEO:</span><br />
<ul><li>Combustibles gaseosos tales como el propano</li>
<li>Gasolinas líquidas fabricadas para automóviles y aviación</li>
<li>Lubricantes aceites para maquinarias, aceites de motor, y grasas</li>
</ul><br />
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<div></div></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-91510933527205609302011-09-07T18:31:00.000-07:002011-09-07T18:31:11.337-07:00CARACTERISTICAS DE LOS COLOIDES<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.</span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tienen masa molar</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Su tamaño no es relativamente grande</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A pesar de su tamaño, no lo son tanto para asentarse</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A nivel microscópico</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5.</span><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Son sistemas heterogéneos</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6. La materia se puede presentar en diversos tamañoz, desde lo mas pequeño hasta lo mas grande</span></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-14542284367415555962011-09-05T19:14:00.000-07:002011-09-07T10:14:36.380-07:00<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Dadas las siguientes disoluciones, identifica el SOLUTO y el disolvente</div><div class="MsoNormal"> DISOLUCION SOLUTO DISOLVENTE</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"></div><ol><li style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>5g de NaCl + 100 g de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">H2O</span></span> 5g de NaCl 100 g de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">H2O</span></span> </li>
<li>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>100 ml de metanol + 20 ml de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">H2 </span></span>20 ml de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">H2 </span></span>100 ml de metano</li>
<li>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>500 ML de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">O2</span></span> + 1500 ml de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">N2</span></span> 500 ML de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">O2 </span></span>1500 ml de <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">N2</span></span></li>
<li>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>40 g de Hg + 20 g de Ag 20 g de Ag 40 g de Hg</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>250 ml de H2O + 10 g de azúcar 10 g de azúcar 250 ml de H2O </li>
</ol><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Relaciona los paréntesis la derecha con los conceptos de la columna de la izquierda<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -52.8pt;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Disolución liquida 1. He/ <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">N2</span></span> ( 4 )</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -52.8pt;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Disolución electrolítica 2: Azúcar / agua (2 ) </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -52.8pt;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Disolución gaseosa 3. Amalgama (1 )</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -52.8pt;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Disolución no electrolito 4. NaOH / agua (5 ) </div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -52.8pt;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Disolución solida 5. Yodo / etanol ( 3 )</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -52.8pt; text-indent: -70.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Utiliza la siguiente información sobre la solubilidad de KBr y KI, e indica si cada una de las disoluciones será insaturada o sobresaturada</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: -62.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">solubilidad</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 233.9pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">G / 100 g </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">H2</span></span><span style="line-height: normal;">O</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-cell-special: placeholder;" width="3"><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">T (˚C)</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 123.65pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">KBr</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 112.35pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">kl</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">20</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 123.65pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">65</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 112.35pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">145</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">40</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 123.65pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">80</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 112.35pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">160</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">60</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 123.65pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">90</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 112.35pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">175</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">80</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 123.65pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">100</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 112.35pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">190</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 99.75pt;" valign="top" width="133"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">100</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 123.65pt;" valign="top" width="165"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">110</div></td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 112.35pt;" valign="top" width="150"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">210</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" width="133"></td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" width="165"></td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" width="147"></td><td style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;" width="3"></td></tr>
<><><> </></></></></tbody></table></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -52.8pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>70g KBr en 100g H2O A 40 ˚C</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -52.8pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>185g KI en 100g H2O a 60 ˚c</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -52.8pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>65g KBr 100g H2O a 20 ˚c</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -52.8pt;">4. 180g KI en 100g H2O a 80 ˚c</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -52.8pt;">5. 110g KBr en 100g H2O a 100 ˚c</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -52.8pt; text-indent: -70.8pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>IV.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span>Indica con una x si los siguientes planteamientos argumentaran o disminuirán la solubilidad del NaCl (cloruro de sodio) en agua</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; margin-left: 54pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.1pt;" valign="top" width="332"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">Planteamiento experimental</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">Aumenta</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">Disminuye</div></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 17.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; height: 17.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.1pt;" valign="top" width="332"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">NaCl ( el granel )</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; height: 17.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; height: 17.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">x </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.1pt;" valign="top" width="332"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">Introducir el recipiente en agua con hielo</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">x </div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.1pt;" valign="top" width="332"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 70.8pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;">Agitar la mezcla NaCl y </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">H2</span></span><span style="line-height: normal;">O</span></div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"> x</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.1pt;" valign="top" width="332"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">Calentar el vaso con NaCl y agua</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">x </div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: black 1pt solid; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: black 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 249.1pt;" valign="top" width="332"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">Pulverizar el NaCl antes de mezclarlo con agua</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;"><br />
</div></td><td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; border-left: medium none; border-right: black 1pt solid; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0cm; width: 78.75pt;" valign="top" width="105"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 70.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: -52.8pt;">x </div></td></tr>
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</div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-24473988966219276722011-09-04T13:58:00.000-07:002011-09-04T15:05:26.029-07:00DEFINICION DE ISOTONICAS, HIPERTÓNICAS, HIPOTÓNICAS Y DIALISIS<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-size: large;">ISOTÓNICAS:</span>Sustancia con unas concentraciones sólidas igual a la concentración interna de sólidos de la célula, donde se aplique. Se encuentran en <span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> bebidas con gran capacidad de rehidratación</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />
</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">Incluyen en su composición bajas dosis de sodio, normalmente en forma de cloruro de sodio o bicarbonato sódico, azúcar o glucosa y, habitual mente, potasio y otros minerales. <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">Ayuda a retrasar la fatiga, evitar lesiones por calor (calambres y síncope), mejorar el rendimiento y acelerar la recuperación.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #f3f3f3;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-size: large;"> HIPERTÓNICAS: </span><span style="font-size: small;">Es aquella que tiene mayor concentración de soluto que con el interior celular. Bebidas Hipertónicos <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">presentan una elevada concentración de sustancias disueltas en el líquido, en concreto su concentración es superior al 10%. Debido a esta característica, el organismo libera agua para diluir este líquido ingerido hasta que llegue a ser isotónico</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #f3f3f3;"></span><br />
<span style="background-color: black; color: #f3f3f3;"></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;"><span style="font-size: large;">HIPOTÓNICAS:</span><span style="font-size: small;">E<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">s aquella que tiene menor concentración de soluto en el medio externo en relación al medio cito plasmático de la célula .Bebidas hipotonicas <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">: en estas bebidas la concentración de partículas por unidad de volumen es inferior a la del plasma sanguíneo (menor presión osmótica). El agua es el mejor ejemplo de bebida hipotónica, salvo las muy ricas en sales. <span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX;">tras ejercicios moderados que duran menos de una hora no es necesario un aporte extra de electrolitos; es suficiente beber simplemente agua antes, durante y después del ejercicio para conseguir una adecuada hidratación. </span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: #f3f3f3;">DIALISIS:<span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> E</span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">s un proceso mediante el cual se extraen las toxinas que el riñón no elimina ya sea que no funcionen por una infección o por algún otro factor que no se haya determinado</span></span></span></span></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-56821866942459827302011-09-04T13:45:00.000-07:002011-09-04T13:45:23.511-07:00CARACTERISTICAS DE LAS DISOLUCIONES<ol><li><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Son mezclas homogéneas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">La cantidad de soluto y la cantidad de disolvente se encuentran en proporciones que varían entre ciertos límites. </span></li>
<li><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Normalmente el disolvente se encuentra en mayor proporción que el soluto, aunque no siempre es así</span></div></span></li>
<li><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Se encuentran en una sola fase</span></div></span></span></li>
<li><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Sus propiedades físicas dependen de su concentración</span></div></span></span></span></li>
<li><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">Sus componentes se separan por cambios de fases, como la fusión, evaporación, condensación</div></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Constan de un soluto y un disolvente</span></div></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: ES-MX; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>ambas pueden ser líquidos, o una liquido y otra sólido</div></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-84452872614235222462011-08-29T17:06:00.000-07:002011-08-29T17:06:35.598-07:00LOS ELEMENTOS ORGÁNICOS DE LA TABLA PERIÓDICA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iV3SEj4ZJM0/TlwiwrrE8lI/AAAAAAAAAEc/jZTKxq8StXE/s1600/000646020.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="365" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iV3SEj4ZJM0/TlwiwrrE8lI/AAAAAAAAAEc/jZTKxq8StXE/s400/000646020.png" width="400" /></span></a></div><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ELEMENTOS ORGÁNICOS</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> Dentro de los elementos orgánicos se encuentran nutrientes que, al consumirlos, producen energía (medida en calorías). A estos nutrientes se los denomina "principios inmediatos o substratos" </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">ELEMENTOS SON :</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: black; font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal"></div><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Carbono</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Hidrógeno</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Oxigeno</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Nitrógeno</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Sodio</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>Cloro</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>Magnesio</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>Potasio</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>Calcio</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> I</span>odo</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>Hierro</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"><span> </span>Manganeso</span></span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;"> Fósforo</span></span></span></li>
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</span>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-1724419682503026832011-08-28T14:45:00.000-07:002011-08-28T14:45:11.415-07:00EJEMPLOS DE DISOLUCION<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UQeBVbLz-s8/Tlq14J-wp6I/AAAAAAAAADs/ptNN4Pvqqdo/s1600/untitleddf.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="194" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UQeBVbLz-s8/Tlq14J-wp6I/AAAAAAAAADs/ptNN4Pvqqdo/s400/untitleddf.bmp" width="259" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">Disolución de gas en gas, por ejemplo el aire</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ge5a9W1748U/Tlq2EmSX2tI/AAAAAAAAAD0/W7nVscVbhJ4/s1600/untitledhf.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="194" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ge5a9W1748U/Tlq2EmSX2tI/AAAAAAAAAD0/W7nVscVbhJ4/s400/untitledhf.bmp" width="259" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">Disolución de sólido en líquido, por ejemplo el agua del mar.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9MAOKmg8LQA/Tlq2fQfyNZI/AAAAAAAAAD8/Yfn9DQ99wEQ/s1600/TFU.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="188" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9MAOKmg8LQA/Tlq2fQfyNZI/AAAAAAAAAD8/Yfn9DQ99wEQ/s400/TFU.bmp" width="268" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">Aleacción de un metal con otro componente sólido como el carbón.</span><br />
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juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-70668656724274030042011-08-28T14:29:00.000-07:002011-08-28T14:29:20.481-07:00EJEMPLOS DE SUSPENSIONES<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/--qvkc_4vQSQ/Tlqx89KuygI/AAAAAAAAADM/PjbZqfZquXc/s1600/imagesCA8R8GI8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pgymzBXuSEk/TlqyDlRw4II/AAAAAAAAADU/B4XtQhgIRgI/s1600/untitled.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pgymzBXuSEk/TlqyDlRw4II/AAAAAAAAADU/B4XtQhgIRgI/s400/untitled.bmp" width="177" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">CREMA PARA CAFE</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yXO9p4aVBxk/TlqyLQiz-YI/AAAAAAAAADc/AAUIU1_V2k0/s1600/untitl.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yXO9p4aVBxk/TlqyLQiz-YI/AAAAAAAAADc/AAUIU1_V2k0/s400/untitl.bmp" width="245" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">LECHE</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">MAYONESA</span>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-21382426342854800172011-08-28T14:22:00.000-07:002011-08-28T14:22:46.221-07:00EJEMPLOS DE COLOIDES<span style="font-size: x-large;">GELATINA</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">NEBLINA</span>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-6665490168096817722011-08-28T14:18:00.000-07:002011-08-28T14:18:47.905-07:00EJENPLOS DE COMPUESTOS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6ZPsogVBm1c/Tlqvj9QYlOI/AAAAAAAAACc/YFdXUF4pjMo/s1600/imagesCA4YF9ZN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="145" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6ZPsogVBm1c/Tlqvj9QYlOI/AAAAAAAAACc/YFdXUF4pjMo/s400/imagesCA4YF9ZN.jpg" width="160" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">ETANOL</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-glIBLo2qCko/TlqvttyVlLI/AAAAAAAAACk/6ZxCh7idRBI/s1600/untitled%2B%25282%2529.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="136" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-glIBLo2qCko/TlqvttyVlLI/AAAAAAAAACk/6ZxCh7idRBI/s400/untitled%2B%25282%2529.bmp" width="156" /></span></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">AGUA</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">SAL</span><br />
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juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-3688988331647169712011-08-28T14:10:00.000-07:002011-08-28T14:10:41.790-07:00EJEMPLOS DE MEZCLA<div style="border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NOfc8pMZnps/TlqroQEYmKI/AAAAAAAAABk/-kclGALZIXM/s1600/imagesCAF7C3FREF.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; cssfloat: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NOfc8pMZnps/TlqroQEYmKI/AAAAAAAAABk/-kclGALZIXM/s400/imagesCAF7C3FREF.jpg" width="177" /></a><span style="font-size: x-large;">Homogénea AGUA CON SAL</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yZjFAGz9SG4/TlquEhKRNqI/AAAAAAAAACM/EI6MXCTSr-8/s1600/imagesCAJGI2H1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yZjFAGz9SG4/TlquEhKRNqI/AAAAAAAAACM/EI6MXCTSr-8/s400/imagesCAJGI2H1.jpg" width="117" /></a></div><span style="font-size: x-large;">AGUA CON ACEITE</span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yidc3Z5VO6c/TlqugUJnZEI/AAAAAAAAACU/aK-2EkvSZfY/s1600/YYY.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yidc3Z5VO6c/TlqugUJnZEI/AAAAAAAAACU/aK-2EkvSZfY/s400/YYY.bmp" width="160" /></a><br />
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juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-31865711993110733332011-08-28T13:55:00.000-07:002011-08-28T14:11:34.963-07:00EJEMPLOS DE ELEMENTO<span style="font-size: x-large;">FIERRO</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">EL HIDROGENO</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">EL FOSFATO</span><br />
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juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-20850357070665184712011-08-24T17:59:00.000-07:002011-08-24T17:59:13.261-07:00SUSPENSIONESSon mezclas heterogéneas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>formadas por un sólido en polvo en pequeñas partículas no solubles<span style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"> <span lang="ES">Cuando uno de los componentes es agua y los otros son sólidos suspendidos en la mezcla, son conocidas como suspensiones mecánicas</span></span><br />
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">EJEMPLOS</span><br />
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<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">SON</span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>La Arena Mezclada Con El Cemento</div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Las Aguas Frescas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Que Son Hechas Con Frutas Naturales </div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Algunas Pinturas Vinilicas</div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Crema Para El Café</div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-17749025099825030132011-08-24T17:43:00.000-07:002011-08-24T17:43:07.265-07:00COLOIDES<span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Los coloides son sistemas heterogéneos que pueden ser definidos como el puente </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Comunica a las suspensiones con las soluciones, es decir existe una suspensión <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de partículas dentro de un fluido, por ello son un paso intermedio entre ambas </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">EJEMPLOS</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Sólidos Son la </span><br />
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">pasta dentífrica </span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">La mayoría de los quesos</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Ciertas pinturas</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Gelatina </span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Plástico</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Piedra </div><br />
Líquidos son <br />
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Gaseosos son<br />
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Niebla</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Humo</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Esmog</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif";">Pinturas en aerosol</span></div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Crema batida</div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Crema para manos</div><div style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mayonesa</div><br />
EJERCISIOS <br />
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En la información contenida revisa las etiquetas de algunos productos comerciales que tengas a la mano<br />
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<div style="margin-left: 41.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Estado de agregación contenida ingredientes </div><div style="margin-left: 41.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tipo e mescla </div><div style="margin-left: 41.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Lista de productos que son coloides </div><br />
BIOGRAFIA<br />
Nombre del libro: Química 2<br />
Autor: Imelda luz Lambrión Pérez <br />
J. Sergio Peralta ala triste<br />
juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-14320079579274098542011-08-24T12:13:00.000-07:002011-08-24T17:05:31.838-07:00ELEMENTO, COMPUESTO, MEZCLA<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: white;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">ELEMENTO: Un elemento químico es un elemento químico es un tipo de materia, Constituida por átomos de la misma clase. En su forma más simple posee un número determinado de protones en su núcleo, haciéndolo pertenecer a una categoría única clasificada con el número atómico</span><span style="mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri", "sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mescla: </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Verdana", "sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Las mezclas pueden ser homogéneas y heterogéneas. En las primeras como indica su nombre no se distinguen a simple vista los componentes y se conocen con el nombre de disoluciones. El aire sería una disolución. Si echamos sal en el agua la sal desaparece formando una mezcla homogénea, se trata de una disolución y como es una mezcla podremos separar los componentes por un procedimiento físico, en esta caso bastaría con dejar evaporar el agua.</span><span style="mso-themecolor: text1;"></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-themecolor: text1;">Compuesto:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <span lang="ES">un <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">compuesto</span> es una sustancia formada por la unión de dos o más elementos de la tabla periódica Una característica esencial es que tiene una formula. Por ejemplo, el agua es un compuesto formado por hidrogeno y oxigeno en la razón de 2 a 1 (en número de átomos).</span></span></b></span></span></span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman", "serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-MX; mso-themecolor: text1;">En general, esta razón fija es debida a una propiedad intrínseca. Un compuesto está formado por moléculas iones con enlaces estables y no obedece a una selección humana arbitraria. Por este motivo el bronce o el chocolate son denominados mezclado aleaciones, pero no compuestos.</span></b></div><span style="color: black;"></span></div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5081882217154709927.post-54497981365043898082011-08-24T11:40:00.000-07:002011-08-24T11:59:00.170-07:00DISOLUCIONES<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Son sistemas homogéneos que las sustancias que la conforman ocupan una sola fase es decir interactuar a nivel de sus componentes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mas pequeños (molecular – iones) presentan una distribución regular de sus propiedades físicas y químicas por lo tanto al dividir la solución al dividir la disolución <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>en partes iguales o distintas cada de las porciones arrojaran la misma propiedades físicas y químicas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">EJEMPLOS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1_:100g de agua a 0 c es capaz de<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disolver<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hasta 37.5 g de NaCl espero si mezclamos 40g de NaCl <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>con 100g de agua ala temperatura señalada quedara un excesivo de soluto sin disolver </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 2_:Para separar los componentes de una disolución acuosa de NaCl esta se somete a evaporación y alcanzar la temperatura de ebullición , el solvente se separa en forma de gas quedando la sal como residuo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">EJERCISIO </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">A partir de <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>250g de una <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disolución acuosa de sulfato de cobre (CuSo4) se obtiene por evaporación un residuo de 30g de sulfato: </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">¿Calcula cuantos gramos de agua se evaporaron?<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">BIOGRAFIA</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">Nombre del libro: Química 2</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">Autor: Imelda luz LembrIno Pérez </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>J. Sergio Peralta ala triste</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">Pág.: 110</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">Nombre del libro: Química 2</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>Pág. 123 <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Autor: Abel Salvador Granadas <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Vladimir Beristaín Bonilla </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Miguel ángel Domínguez Ortiz </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yanet gallegos estudillo <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;">Edición: 2009 </div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><br />
</div>juan martinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10498802253595692532noreply@blogger.com0